Explain scope resolution operator with suitable example.

 In programming languages such as C++, the scope resolution operator (::) is used to indicate the scope of a variable or function. It is used to access a global variable or function, or a variable or function that is defined in a namespace or a class.

For example, consider the following code:

c
#include <iostream>

int x = 5; // global variable

class MyClass {
public:
  static int x;
};

int MyClass::x = 10; // static member variable

int main() {
  int x = 7; // local variable
  
  std::cout << "x = " << x << std::endl; // output: x = 7
  std::cout << "global x = " << ::x << std::endl; // output: global x = 5
  std::cout << "class x = " << MyClass::x << std::endl; // output: class x = 10
  
  return 0;
}

In this code, there are three variables named x: a global variable, a static member variable of the MyClass class, and a local variable in the main() function.

To access the global variable x from within the main() function, we use the scope resolution operator like this: ::x. This tells the compiler to look for the variable x in the global scope, rather than the local scope.

Similarly, to access the static member variable x of the MyClass class, we use the scope resolution operator like this: MyClass::x. This tells the compiler to look for the variable x in the scope of the MyClass class.

In summary, the scope resolution operator allows us to specify the scope of a variable or function in C++, and is useful for avoiding naming conflicts and accessing variables or functions that are defined in different scopes.